Tourism refers to the movement of traveling to and staying in destinations outside a person's usual environment for business or leisure activities. Tourism encompasses a variety of activities, services, and industries that provide a travel experience which includes transportation and accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, recreational activities, and more hospitality services.
Types of Tourism
Domestic Tourism: It involves residents of a country travelling only within that country.
Inbound Tourism: Involving non-residents traveling in the given country.
Outbound Tourism: Involving residents traveling in another country.
Other Groupings Derived from the Above Grouping
National Tourism: A combination of domestic and outbound tourism.
Regional Tourism: A combination of domestic and inbound tourism.
International Tourism: A combination of inbound and outbound tourism.
Tourism Product
A tourism product is priced and sold through distribution channels and it has a life-cycle. It covers a wide variety of services including:
Accommodation services from low-cost home stays to five-star hotels.
Hospitality services including food and beverage serving centers.
Health care services like massage.
All modes of transport, its booking and rental.
Travel agencies, guided tours and tourist guides.
Cultural services such as religious monuments, museums, and historical places.
Shopping.
International Tourism
The tourism which crosses a national border is known as international tourism. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as the people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes". International tourism in 2010 attained $919B, growing 6.5% compared to the previous year 2009 corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7%. In 2010, there were more than 940 million international tourist arrivals in the world. This number had increased by 2016 to 1,235 million and spent 1,220 billion USD in destination spending. The COVID-19 crisis has severely ravaged international tourism whose overall increasing trend has been significantly slowed down.
Educational Tourism
Educational tourism is devised since there exists an increased interest in teaching and learning knowledge and technical competency outside the classroom. This constitutes visiting another country to learn about the culture, study tours, or work and apply skills learned inside the classroom in an environment other than their own.
Other Forms of Tourism
Recession Tourism: Characterized by low-cost yet high-value experiences occurring at once popular generic retreats.
Medical Tourism: Traveling to take advantage of the price or regulatory differences in medical procedures.
Space Tourism: A new emerging industry of tourism.
Cruise Ship Industry: A growing industry of tourism.
History of Tourism
The corresponding English-language word "tourist" dates back to 1772 and "tourism" to 1811. These words are from the same word "tour", coming from Old English "turian", from Old French "torner", from Latin "tornare" - "to turn on a lathe", which itself is from Ancient Greek "tornos" (τόρνος) - "lathe".
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